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Battalion
A battalion is a military unit. The use of the term "battalion" varies by nationality and branch of service. Typically a battalion consists of 300 to 800 soldiers and is divided into a number of companies. A battalion is typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel. In some countries the word "battalion" is associated with the infantry.
The term was first used in Italian as ''battaglione'' no later than the 16th century. It derived from the Italian word for battle, ''battaglia''. The first use of battalion in English was in the 1580s, and the first use to mean "part of a regiment" is from 1708.
== Independent operations ==
A battalion may be the smallest military organization capable of independent operations, though this depends on the definition of "independent operations". It must have a source of re-supply to sustain operations for more than several days. In addition to comprising sufficient personnel and equipment (usually at least two primary mission companies and one mission support company) to perform significant operations, as well as a limited self-contained administrative and logistics capability, the commander is provided with a full-time staff whose function is to coordinate current operations and plan future operations. A battalion's subordinate units (companies and their organic platoons) are dependent upon the battalion headquarters for command, control, communications, and intelligence and the battalion's organic service and support structure to perform their mission. The battalion is usually part of a regiment, brigade, or group, depending on the organizational model used by that service. Battalions generally can operate for no greater than 10 days without higher echelon support, and are unable to operate away from a supported location without their higher headquarters regiment, brigade, or group's logistical support structure.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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